Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Careers

Power up your future with a career in electrical or electronic engineering, whose applications span a host of diverse industries

What is electrical and electronic engineering?

Electrical and Electronic Engineering is a comprehensive field of engineering focused on the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems that utilize electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. This discipline spans a wide range of technologies and applications, from large-scale power generation and distribution systems to intricate electronic circuits and communication networks. Electrical engineering primarily deals with the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical power, while electronic engineering focuses on smaller electronic systems and devices, including those used in computers, communication systems, and consumer electronics.

Core Areas of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 
The field of electrical and electronic engineering encompasses several key areas. Power engineering involves the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. Electronics engineering focuses on the design and development of electronic circuits, devices, and systems, such as microprocessors, embedded systems, and consumer electronics. Control systems engineering deals with the automation and regulation of systems and processes in industries like manufacturing and robotics. Telecommunications engineering is concerned with the transmission and processing of information through various means, including telephones, satellite communications, and the internet.

Skills and Applications
Professionals in electrical and electronic engineering require a strong foundation in mathematics and physics, along with proficiency in circuit design, digital systems, and software programming. They must be adept at problem-solving and troubleshooting to effectively design, analyze, and maintain complex systems. The applications of this field are vast and varied, impacting sectors such as healthcare (medical devices), automotive (electric vehicles), aerospace (avionics), industrial automation (manufacturing control systems), and consumer electronics (smartphones and home automation). This dynamic and ever-evolving field is fundamental to technological innovation and improving the quality of life.

Transferable skills

All three branches of the armed forces—Army, Navy, and Air Force—have electronic engineering specialists who work on sophisticated and complex instruments, vehicles, engines (including nuclear reactors), and other equipment. The qualifications gained in the military range from NVQ Level 2 and apprenticeships to master’s degrees. Many professional engineers in the military also achieve membership in relevant institutes at appropriate grades, which further validates their expertise and experience.

Electrical engineering within the military context is somewhat distinct. Generally, military electricians work on mobile equipment rather than static installations. However, Royal Engineers' electricians cover the entire spectrum of power supply, from generation to distribution, often in challenging and hazardous environments. The Royal Navy's engineers are highly experienced in electrical generation and distribution onboard ships, ensuring that naval vessels operate smoothly and efficiently.

The skills and qualifications acquired in the military are highly transferable to civilian roles in electrical and electronic engineering. These include advanced technical knowledge, problem-solving abilities, and experience working under pressure in diverse and sometimes dangerous conditions. The practical experience gained from working with complex systems and in dynamic environments equips former military personnel with a robust skill set that is highly valued in the civilian engineering sector.

How to Transition from the Armed Forces to Electrical or Electronic Engineering

Leaving the armed forces and transitioning into a career in electrical or electronic engineering can be a smooth process, thanks to the valuable skills and experiences gained during military service. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you qualify for a role in this field:

1. Assess and Translate Your Military Skills:

• Identify Relevant Skills: Evaluate the technical skills and experiences gained during your military service, such as working on sophisticated instruments, vehicles, engines, and electrical systems.
• Translate Skills: Translate your military skills into civilian terms. For example, experience with military electronics can be equivalent to working with complex electronic systems in civilian roles.

2. Obtain Relevant Education:

• Leverage Military Training: Many military qualifications can be equivalent to civilian certifications. Check if your military training can be credited towards a degree or certification program.
• Pursue a Degree: Consider enrolling in a bachelor’s degree program in electrical or electronic engineering. Many institutions offer credit for military training, which can shorten the duration of the program.
• Technical Courses and Certifications: Enroll in specific courses or certifications if needed. For example, the UK offers the Level 2 Diploma in Electrical Installations or equivalent certifications.

3. Gain Practical Experience:

• Internships and Apprenticeships: Look for internships or apprenticeships that provide hands-on experience in electrical or electronic engineering. These programs can bridge the gap between military and civilian work environments.
• Entry-Level Positions: Apply for entry-level positions in the engineering field. Roles such as junior engineer or technician can provide the practical experience required to advance.

4. Professional Certifications and Licensing:

• Professional Engineer (PE) License: In many countries, obtaining a PE license enhances career prospects. This typically involves passing the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam, gaining relevant work experience, and passing the PE exam.
• Chartered Engineer (CEng): In the UK, pursuing Chartered Engineer status through a professional body such as the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) demonstrates a high level of professional competence.

5. Utilize Transition Programs and Support Networks:

• Career Transition Programs: Take advantage of programs designed for military personnel transitioning to civilian careers. The Career Transition Partnership (CTP) in the UK, for instance, offers workshops, job fairs, and other resources.
• Veteran Support Networks: Join veteran support networks and organizations that can provide mentorship, job leads, and additional resources tailored for ex-military personnel.

6. Tailor Your Job Search:

• Customize Your Resume: Highlight your military experience and relevant skills in your resume. Emphasize how your background aligns with the requirements of electrical or electronic engineering roles.
• Network: Attend industry events, join professional associations, and connect with professionals in the field. Networking can open doors to job opportunities and provide valuable industry insights.

By leveraging your military training and experience, pursuing relevant education and certifications, and utilizing support networks, you can successfully transition into a rewarding career in electrical or electronic engineering.

Use your ELC

Under the ELC scheme, a wide range of learning can be taken, provided it is offered by an approved provider listed on the ELC website and is at level 3 or above. For full details of how to make the most of your ELC, refer to our in-depth features elsewhere on the Quest website. 

Training and Development in Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Once you secure a role in electrical or electronic engineering, on-the-job training provided by your employer can significantly enhance your skills. Continuous professional development (CPD) is crucial for career advancement, helping you stay updated with industry trends and technologies. Membership in professional bodies like the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) or the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) provides access to CPD schemes, industry news, and further training opportunities. If you possess a relevant degree, joining your employer’s graduate training scheme can offer structured development and career progression.

Improving your career prospects can also be achieved by working towards incorporated (IEng) or chartered (CEng) status. To pursue these designations, you should register with your relevant professional body and apply to the Engineering Council. As an incorporated engineer, you would specialize in managing the day-to-day operations of engineering projects. At the chartered level, your role would be more strategic, involving planning, research, development of new ideas, and optimizing management methods. Detailed information on achieving these statuses can be found on the Engineering Council’s website.

In the field of electrical and electronic engineering, the most highly qualified individuals typically plan and manage projects. Those with intermediate levels of expertise supervise implementation, while those with less experience and fewer qualifications handle the hands-on work. Accumulating experience and gaining academic and vocational qualifications will enable you to take on more significant responsibilities and advance up the career ladder. Continuous learning and development are essential for staying competitive and achieving long-term career success in this dynamic field.

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING APPRENTICESHIPS
There’s a wealth of apprenticeships available to help ease the way into a role in this field. Use your favourite search engine to find out more, or click here to browse options near you.

Finding a job

Transitioning from the armed forces to a career in electrical or electronic engineering involves leveraging the technical skills and discipline gained during military service. First, it’s crucial to assess and translate your military experience into civilian terms. Many of the skills acquired in the military, such as working on sophisticated electronic systems and electrical equipment, are highly relevant. Highlight these transferable skills on your resume and during job interviews, focusing on how they apply to civilian engineering roles.

Next, pursue any necessary additional education and certifications to meet industry standards. While military training can provide a strong foundation, enrolling in relevant courses or obtaining certifications like the Level 2 Diploma in Electrical Installations or the City & Guilds Level 2 Smart Metering qualification can enhance your employability. Many institutions offer programs that recognize military experience and provide credit towards a degree, which can shorten the time needed to qualify. Additionally, seeking professional certifications such as becoming a Chartered Engineer (CEng) or an Incorporated Engineer (IEng) through bodies like the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) can significantly boost your credentials.

Finally, utilize support networks and job placement programs specifically designed for veterans. Organizations like the Career Transition Partnership (CTP) in the UK offer resources, workshops, and job fairs to help ex-military personnel transition to civilian careers. Networking with fellow veterans and joining professional associations in the engineering field can provide valuable job leads and mentorship opportunities. By combining your military experience with targeted education and leveraging support networks, you can successfully transition into a rewarding career in electrical or electronic engineering.

FIND OUT MORE

More specific information on some aspects of electronic engineering can be found in our articles on computing and IT, and telecommunications.

How much can I earn?

In the UK, the earning potential for electrical and electronic engineers in 2024 varies based on experience, location, and specialization.

Electrical Engineers:

• Average Salary: £52,000 per year, which translates to about £3,200 per month.
• Starting Salary: Around £27,500 per year for entry-level positions.
• High Salary: Experienced electrical engineers can earn up to £170,000 annually, especially in senior roles or specialized positions.

• Average Salary: Approximately £31,727 per year.
• Salary Range: Between £24,000 and £47,000 per year.
• Additional Compensation: Bonuses and profit-sharing can increase total pay to between £23,000 and £50,000 annually (PayScale).

Overall, location and industry also influence salaries, with major cities and high-demand sectors typically offering higher compensation. Additionally, gaining experience and pursuing advanced qualifications or specializations can significantly boost earning potential in these fields.